dimanche 18 juin 2017

Avoiding Addiction Through Proper Opioid Dosing

By Kevin Graham


When one is dependent on opioids, withdrawal can start simply hours after taking one's last dose. One may experience diarrhea, vomiting, insomnia, restlessness, or muscle and bone pain. In the majority of cases, the biggest withdrawal symptoms are worst by seventy-two hours and eventually subside over the next 5 to 7 days. Generally, the physicians have to careful with the opioid dosing to avoid addiction and other consequences.

Opioid medications are prescribed for patients with painful conditions and the response is typically excellent pain relief. There are side effects which may include constipation, tolerance, depression, and sedation. With chronic pain affecting 15% of the US population, doctors are prescribing narcotic medications with alarming frequency.

Is it possible for chronic opioid therapy to make patients worse? The answer is yes, and it is termed opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). It is a paradoxical condition whereby patients become oversensitive to acute pain. There is a scarcity of literature on the subject of how often it occurs, what presents risk factors for its occurrence, and whether or not there is a dosing relationship for narcotics towards developing OIH.

Patients in chronic pain are likely to take opioids for multiple years. A study done at the Universities of Washington and Arkansas showed when patients are prescribed opioids for chronic pain, they are likely to still be taking them 5 years later.

Methadone is a synthetic opioid mainly prescribed as a long range replacement therapy for dependence to opioids. While methadone was once administered strictly at licensed methadone rehabilitation detox hospitals and drug clinics, within the past several years the drug is being prescribed in a pill form for severe pain. As such, the drug now can be discovered on the street, and quickly has become a top cause of accidental overdose within recreational drug users.

In addition to relieving physical pain, opioids diminish emotional pain. One may find they are taking the prescriptions for anxiety, irritability, fear, or depression. Studies have shown that the rate of major depression is directly related to how much pain a person feels. The more pain experienced, the higher the depression symptoms.

Induction is a treatment which carefully is followed by the center's clinical staff to slowly assist a new patient in adjusting to their methadone medicine. Patients typically are started on a safe methadone dose which introduces a low threat of overdose, and their dose then is increased every couple of days until the individual arrives at a dosage that successfully eliminates their withdrawal symptoms to opioids.

There was also a temporary absence of REM sleep, which is the type of sleep people go into as they go deeper into sleep. So narcotics appear to affect both the quality and quantity of sleep, which is obviously suboptimal for patients who have painful conditions and need sleep for regeneration and healing potential.

The objective in utilizing opioid replacement therapy includes removing the uncomfortable day-to-day withdrawal which interferes with an individual's capability of normally functioning. The level of opiate withdrawal sickness differs from one person to another as does the severity of each individual's addiction.




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